Background: Chronic renal failure: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) describes abnormal kidney function and/or structure. There is evidence that treatment can prevent or delay the progression of CKD, reduce or prevent the development of complications, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The definition of CKD is based on the presence of kidney damage (ie albuminuria) or decreased kidney function (ie glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/minute per 1•73 m²) for three months or more, irrespective of clinical diagnosis. Protein C &S
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