Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and toxoplasmic encephalitisin hiv-infected patients

Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patient especially when CD4+ T lymphocyte are <100 cells/µL. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), also known as immune restoration disease, refers to a disease or pathogen-specific inflammatory response in HIV-infected patients that may be triggered after initiation or re-initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) or change to more active HAART therapy. IRIS is usually accompanied by an increase in CD4 cell count and/or a rapid decrease in viral load. We are presenting two cases with their clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, which are extracted from 23 patients with TE. Average time between beginning of ARV and the onset of IRIS was 35.5 days. Average value of CD4 cell count at presentation was 52cells/mm3 and CD4 cell in TE-IRIS was 140cells/mm3. Brain CT/MRI showed multiple lesions. Treatment withSulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim resulted effective.