Immune surveillance is a process of containing the multiplication of rapidly spreading tumor cells, causing the immune system to function improperly. Immunotherapy uses the immune system as a means of fighting cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown great ability to fight cancer. These inhibitors work by modifying the tumor environment and preventing cancer cells from escaping the immune system. The aim of this paper is to highlight the therapeutic potential of PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors in lung cancer. The method used for this research was the qualitative exploratory, with the purpose of bringing the population's knowledge about immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in smokers. Given the above, direct or indirect contact with tobacco derivatives makes the likelihood of lung cancer possible, showing that the greater the degree of mutations expressed by the cell, the greater the chance of developing PD-L1 overexpression. Consequently, treatment will work more effectively. Given the questions presented, it was concluded that PD-1 / PD-L1 inhibitor therapy is a restricted and individualized treatment.
